The Fundamental Rights, enshrined in Part III of the Constitution of India, ‘are inherent and cannot be extinguished by any constitutional and statutory provision’. This was made clear in the case of

The basic structure doctrine with regard to the Constitution of India relates to

1. the power of judicial review

2. the judgment in Kesavananda Bharati case (1973)

3. the constraints on Article 368 of the Constitution of India

4. the judgment in  Golaknath case (1967)

 

In which one of the following judgments of the Constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court of India, the ‘rarest of rare’ principle in the award of death penalty was first laid down ?


 

In which one of the following cases, the Constitutional validity of the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights of Divorce) Act 1986, was upheld by the Supreme Court of India ?